Johann Kropfgans (Kropffgans, Kropffganss; 14 October 1708 – c.1770) was a German lutenist and composer.

Kropfgans was born in Breslau into the family of Johann Kropfgans Sr. He and his siblings Johanna Eleonora (b. 1710) and Johann Gottfried (b. 1714) all played the lute from a young age. He was a pupil of Silvius Leopold Weiss, with whom he visited Johann Sebastian Bach in 1739.

Kropfgans composed in the homophonic galant style. He wrote solo lute music as well as chamber music.