Vsevolod Petrovich Zaderatsky (Всеволод Петрович Задерацкий) (Rivne 21 December 1891 – Lviv, 1 February 1953) was a Russian and Ukrainian composer and pianist who was blacklisted for most of his life. His son, Vsevolod Vsevolodovich Zaderatsky (Всеволод Всеволодович Задерацкий, born 1935), is a professor of the Moscow Conservatory
Zaderatsky was born 21 December 1891 in the family of a railway official. After graduating from high school in Kursk he studied music at the Moscow Conservatory, being drafted in 1916 and fighting in World War I, from 1918–1920 in the army of Anton Denikin. Before the war he continued his studies under Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov and Sergey Taneyev, graduating from the conservatory in 1923. From the mid-1920s he lived in Ryazan and began performing as a pianist, giving many solo concerts, and performing together with the famous bass Grigory Pirogov.

In 1926 he was arrested and sent to Ryazan prison, and all his compositions were destroyed. In 1929 he received permission to live and work in Moscow, and in 1930 he gained the position of composer at All-Union Radio. While in Moscow Zaderatsky joined the Association for Contemporary Music (ACM) just as the rival group, the Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians (RAPM) was rising to ascendancy and the Terror (Yezhovshchina) escalating. In 1932 the members of the ACM were suppressed. In 1934 he was sent to Yaroslavl, where in March 1937 he was arrested. In July 1939 he was released from the Sevvostlag and in early 1940 was back in Yaroslavl.

At the beginning of World War II he was evacuated with his family to the city of Merke (Kazakhstan). From 1945 he lived in Zhytomyr, then returned to Yaroslavl, and was a delegate to the first Congress of Soviet Composers in 1948. From 1949 till the end of his life, he lived in Lviv and worked at Lviv Conservatory.