Giovanni Maria Bononcini (September 23, 1642 – November 18, 1678) was an Italian violinist and composer, the father of a musical dynasty.

In 1671 Bononcini the elder became a court musician at Modena. His treatise, Musico prattico, was published in 1673.

The composers Giovanni Battista Bononcini and Antonio Maria Bononcini were his sons.